Complex ophthalmoplegia for PACES

Complex ophthalmoplegia describes the clinical picture in which the eye signs cannot be attributed to just one cranial nerve.


What causes of complex ophthalmoplegia do you know?

• disease affecting multiple nerves, for example:
• mononeuritis multiplex affecting multiple cranial nerves (eg diabetes mellitus, polyarteritis nodosum, Wegeners, amyloidosis
• demyelination, for example MS
• cavernous sinus syndrome
• neuromuscular junction, for example myasthenia gravis
• muscles themselves, such as in Graves disease
• rare causes
• Miller Fisher syndrome
• Kearns-Sayre syndrome
• botulism